The Scarlet Letter Research Paper Essay Example

The Scarlet Letter Research Paper Essay Introduction Nathaniel Hawthorne’s 1850 The Scarlet Letter is a story of adultery in the 17th century’s Puritan Boston. As its basic settings suggest, the novel is a razor-sharp manifesto against the moral and social standards of that time. Moreover, as discussed thoroughly in this paper, Hawthorne’s work invites the reader to investigate a wide array of micro-level matters, in particular the perception of the self, the woman and the conflict between one’s emotional world and reality. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive critical analysis of The Scarlet Letter. To do so, the analysis reviews several themes and characters from three critical perspectives, namely the Feminist, the Psychological and the Historical Critical Perspectives of literature. The three sections, each one focuses on one of the three critical perspectives, combines examples from the novel itself, critical analyses of leading literary scholars, and the author’s own critical views on the matters in question. Analysis from a Feminist Critical Perspective Is The Scarlet Letter a Feminist Work?By the time he wrote The Scarlet Letter, Hawthorne was fully aware of the developments in the 19th century’s feminist movement and, as argued by Baym (2005), held continuous literary conversation with the movement (whose first major convention was held just two years before The Scarlet Letter was published) and its values. Thus, although the novel deals with â€Å"a woman who rebels against patriarchal authority† (Person, 2007, p. 23) in the context of the 17th century’s Puritan Boston, Hawthorne’s support for ideas of women liberation is stated loud and clear. Moreover, Hawthorne expands the discussion on the classical role of women in 19th century’s literature, which focused on â€Å"female stereotypes, especially the familiar opposition of Fair Maidens and Dark Ladies,† and created Hester Prynne as â€Å"a heroine who is as much a nineteenth-century feminist as a seventeenth-century Puritan hereticâ €  (ibid.). We will write a custom essay sample on The Scarlet Letter Research Paper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Scarlet Letter Research Paper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Scarlet Letter Research Paper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Nevertheless, the question of whether The Scarlet Letter should be viewed as a masculine support to feminist ideas has no clear answer. On one hand, the novel criticizes the Puritan offensive relations towards women, including the witchcraft against quasi-powerful feminine characters. However, Hawthorne, who argued in 1855 that â€Å"America is now wholly given over to a d—–d mob of scribbling? women† (Barlowe, 2000, p.32), arguably demands a new role for American women not as a supporter of the feminist argument of his times, but as a natural part of his general social criticism (Person, 2007). Either way, Hawthorne seals The Scarlet Letter with a short manifesto, in which Hester comforts the women who come to her cottage by expressing â€Å"her firm belief, that, at some brighter period, when the world should have grown ripe for it, in Heaven’s own time, a new truth would be revealed, in order to establish the whole relation between man and woman on a surer ground of mutual happiness† (1850, p. 321). Female Characters in The Scarlet LetterHester PrynneHester is the protagonist of the novel, who wears the scarlet letter (a piece of cloth in the shape of an A, which signals the disgrace of Hester’s adultery). When her husband, Roger Chillingworth, is in Europe, Hester has an affair with Arthur Dimmesdale and gives birth to a daughter, Pearl. Hester is a passionate woman, who does not regret for her sin, which is considered as a crime under Puritan law. Moreover, she is depicted as intelligent, independent, caring mother of Pearl and has extremely strong personality. PearlPearl is the daughter of Hester Prynne, who must carry the shame of her mother, being her illegitimate child. The reader quickly learns that Hester â€Å"named the infant â€Å"Pearl,† as being of great price, — purchased? with all she had, — her mother’s only treasure,† (Hawthorne, 1850, p. 106) meaning her virginity. Pearl is beautiful, but due to her origin she is considered in the prevalent narrative as community to be a child of Satan. In accordance, she is uncontrollable, hyperactive and isolates herself from the other children. Her affection towards nature and disgust from the community leads her to leave America, as she believes that the true nature of man cannot be respected in this land. Mistress HibbinsBased on a real figure (as many other elements of the plot), Mistress Hibbins is â€Å"Governor Bellingham’s bitter-tempered sister, and the same who, a few years later, was executed as a witch† (ibid., p. 139). Although she offered Hester to join her to the forest to attend a witch group, Hibbins represents Hawthorne’s criticism on the Salem witchcraft (see below). Judging the personality and actions of Hibbins from a feminist perspective, though, it is evidently clear that the Hawthorne â€Å"tags† the unpleasant woman as a witch because of her unpleasant personality, as if women are not allowed to behave this way within the society in question. Analysis from a Psychological Critical Perspective Guilt, Punishment and HypocrisyThe Scarlet Letter asks more than a few questions about the ways we justify our actions. Throughout the whole novel, Hawthorne shares his views regarding the border between the inner guilt – that is, the guilt that someone feels – and guilt and punishment as determined by society. When Pearl continuously inquiries â€Å"What does the scarlet letter mean?† (pp. 217, 219, 220, 227) she refer to her mother’s sign of Cain, as well as requesting us to reflect on the title of book (Person, 2007), in the sense of â€Å"What does this book mean?† Hawthorne’s emotional and moral manipulation is clear: after reading about two-thirds of the book, his readers have probably already developed a negative attitude towards the Puritan values and regret Hester’s tragedy. However, when the psychologically unstable Pearl, the creation of Hester’s sin/crime, keeps asking us the same question, we should reconsider the line of though that has lead us so far. Can Hester set her own values? Are we not also hypocrite when we justify Hester but criticize exceptional ways of life? Or are we just those men and women who seek revenge through punishment? Group PsychologyAs discussed in the next section, the Puritan values were no longer dominant in American society. Hawthorne has therefore the opportunity to examine how this culture had fallen apart from different perspectives, notably from the weakness of the group. In The Scarlet Letter, the Puritan society is not only the group of reference for the individual (as any other normal society), but it seems that it actually needs its sinners to justify its existence and to find common grounds for its disciples (Zhao, 2007). In this context, Hester provides burning materials to fuel this fire; not only because of her adultery, but also through the way she handles the society’s attitude towards her. For example, when Hester â€Å"stood fully revealed before the crowd,† she is expected to â€Å"conceal a certain token, ?which was wrought or fastened into her dress† (Hawthorne, 1850, p. 62), that is, her scarlet letter. But instead, â€Å"she took ?the baby on her arm, and, with a burning blush, and? yet a haughty smile, and a glance that would not be abashed, looked around at her townspeople and neighbors† and presents her letter A, which is â€Å"?surrounded with an elaborate embroidery and fantastic? flourishes of gold thread [†¦and] was so artistically done, [†¦] that it had all the effect of a last and fitting decoration to the apparel which she wore; and which was of a splendor in accordance with the taste of the age, but greatly beyond what was allowed by the sumptuary regulations of the colony.† (ibid, pp. 62-3). Hester, whose letter A may also imply other words, such as artist or author (Barlowe, 2000), chooses to confront the norms instead of accepting her role as the scapegoat of her society. Pearl chooses a different way, by isolating her running to the woods as a child, and leaving the group altogether later on. Analysis from a Historical Critical Perspective In his introductory section to The Scarlet Letter, Hawthorne (1850) discusses the historical position of the author, arguing that â€Å"when he casts his leaves forth upon the wind, the author addresses, not the many who will fling aside his volume, or never take it up, but the few who will understand him, better than most of his schoolmates and lifemates.† (p. 1-2). However, the understanding of the novel and its author differs within and among eras, just like the perceptions on the novel’s themes. Instead of repeating the historical occurrences and their depiction in the novel, this section briefly two opposing critics of The Scarlet Letter from the original publish era. Doing so, it is possible to deal with one of the major elements of the Historical Critical Perspective, namely the means in which the literary work is accepted among eras. In a 1850 critic in the Boston Daily Times, Charles Creighton Hazewell â€Å"praised the accurate depiction of the Puritans and declared Governor Bellingham and other characters to be drawn with ‘eminent fidelity’ to history.† (Wright, 2007, p. 213) Though â€Å"Hawthorne did not claim his writings were ‘historical tales’† (ibid.), the latter’s introduction leaves very little room for doubt regarding his willingness to open the past from a critical perspective. This very same tendency to discuss sensitive issues from the origins of the US, particularly in the context of Puritan priests, was criticized by the Episcopal bishop Arthur Cleveland Cox. In his 1851 review, Cox defined the (now highly-celebrated) book as â€Å"made to the market† (ibid.) and a degrading work for American literature. Conclusion The Scarlet Letter is arguably one of the most important American literary works of all times. In addition to its literary merits, this historical novel has became so important thanks to its ability to thoroughly discuss two major points of conflict in American society: The Puritan heritage and the question of the correct relations between the collective and the individual. These two dilemmas, which stand at the locus of the novel, were also very dominant in the author’s own life. Born in Salem, MA, Hawthorne’s ambivalent relations with his ancestors’ involvement in the witchcraft and other faces of the â€Å"Puritan justice system† took a major role in his writings. Hawthorne himself admits the affection of Salem and its past his feelings and thoughts, and so are many of his views: reflective, not always coherent and constantly plays between the social and the personal points of view (Person, 2007). The reader of The Scarlet Letter should be extremely cautious: as discussed above, Hawthorne lived in and wrote about times of great dilemmas at all levels, and as such, his accounts often entails contradictory views, emotional manipulations and correspondences with his contemporary as well as past events.

Journey Speech Essay Example

Journey Speech Essay Example Journey Speech Essay Journey Speech Essay The composing task, Geraldine Brooks’ Year of Wonders and Dr. Seuss’ Oh, The Places You’ll Go! have all enhanced my understanding of the concept of journey by showing the different ways a journey can happen. The composing task’s protagonist’s physical journey is an outward representation of the spiritual journey she undertakes, Year of Wonder focused on the emotional and moral development, therefore making it a spiritual based journey, Oh, The Places You’ll Go! shows how a person is able to be in control of their own physical and emotional journey.The composing task’s protagonist’s physical journey is an outward representation of the spiritual journey she undertakes. This is shown by using the changing of the scenery as a metaphor for changes in her life, through age and development as a person with her inner feeling towards her family and her siblings becoming a larger part in her own journey. Taking the first step off the bus I look up and don’t see my mother, I’m only five†¦ three blocks I have to walk†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ She starts her journey as a five year old just trying to get home. As I passed the first block, everything has changed†¦ I’m now nine years old with my little brother next to me. ’ She has gotten older and her siblings have started to become a bigger aspect and influence in her life. We make it past the second block and things are different, yet again. I’m 13 and he’s 11†¦ Houses in the neighbourhood have changed into trees and other plants, looming over us. Thorns are everywhere we touch. ’ Again they are older and the scenery has changed explaining that things have changed in their lives, He doesn’t hold my hand anymore, and all my smiles are forced. As we come past the third block, a small hand appears in mine. My baby sister is now 5, my younger brother now 14, and me, I’m 16,’ the scenery and their ages have changed again. With these physical changes it also changes the emotions in the characters. The protagonist doesn’t need to force her smiles towards her little sister because she can see and understand how simple her life is and that she has no worries, no regrets. They make it to the end of the block and the protagonist takes both of her siblings and takes them off the street they had been walking and into the world with her as their protection. She is able to do this with no qualms knowing that they won’t have to go through the same ordeal that she did and she will always be there for them. Through this physical representation of a spiritual journey it shows how a journey can develop through a metaphysical state and not be based on finding a specific destination but instead a safe place. Year of Wonders focuses on the emotional and moral development, therefore making it a spiritual based journey. This is known to the reader as the main charter, Anna Firth, has no need to continuously travel to perform her journey. Anna is living in a town stricken with the bubonic plague, as they have isolated themselves to prevent the spread, they are unable to call upon others to assist in the treatment of the ill and must use others abilities to ensure the towns survival of the plague.As lives start to be taken by the plague, many of the townspeople believe it is to do with witchcraft. Two characters, Aunty and niece, Mem and Anys Gowdie, have always been able to help the town with herbal remedies and have been the local midwives, but after their deaths Anna is convinced by Elinor Mompellion to assist a women in labour and she soon starts to help the sick and dying and the orphaned children. Anna encounters many situations which all start to slowly influence her thoughts and change her as a person.She starts to become stronger and not just be a young widow, who has also lost both her children. She starts to fight for other people in the town and help them through hard times. Although she isn’t able to do this all unscathed, she is unable to understand Why did He raise us up out of the clay, to acquire good and expedient skills, in such extremity, and then send us back so soon to be dust when we yet had useful years before us? ’ such in the case as Maggie and George Viccars.Anna makes herself a tincture’ from the poppy she had stolen from Elinor to help with the anguish and she was able to have pleasant dreams. Anna and the town continue to be affected by the plague and many more die, Anna tending many in their deathbeds. Anna and Elinor also assist Merry. Anna slept well that night, feeling for once that she has accomplished something that has turned out right. After many more deaths and obstacles the plague has stopped affecting the town and the people are told they are no longer quarantined.At this meeting Anna’s stepmother Aphra is hysteric with the loss of her last child, Faith. She was clutching the maggoty remnant of her daughter’s corpse. ’ Mompellion, Aphra and Elinor enter a embrace, trying to calm and comfort Aphra, Faith’s head comes apart from her body and Aphra lashes out and slits Elinor’s throat and stabs herself, leaving Anna with no family and one of her closest friend’s gone as well. Elinor asked for Anna to look after her husband and through this relationship An na is able to experience a hysical intimacy she has longed for for quite some time. This intimacy is something that has helped Anna start to feel better but it is short lived as she learns that parts of what she thought were true about Elinor and Michael’s relationship were actually lies and is repulsed by him. As Anna is asked to help with the birth of a bastard child from the Bradford family, she finds herself haggling with Elizabeth about receiving money to take the child and leave this city.There are many events that influence Anna change as a person but the biggest chance for her is not just a spiritual one. She makes the move to Venice, with the Bradford child, and settles there missing some aspects of her old town but feeling safe and happy with her two daughters, feeling that she is now at home. Oh, The Places You’ll Go! shows how a person is able to be in control of their own physical and emotional journey. This is presented to the reader through the narrator stating YOU are the guy who’ll decide where to go. ’

Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Education - Essay Example Children who have special learning needs are referred to as exceptional students; that is, gifted and disabled children. Gifted children have superior intellectual development and are capable of high performance. Exceptional Student Education (ESE) is indiscriminate and assists each child to progress in school and in the learning environment in general. Overview of evaluation process The program requires that all students be assessed in all areas related to their disabilities while also considering their ability to access the general curriculum in relation to how the disability affects the student’s learning, objectives that relate to the needs of the student, forming goals and choosing a placement in the least restrictive environment possible for the student. Eligibility of the process The IEP outlines each and every step on how the student learns and how the learning is best demonstrated. It also outlines what the educators will do to assist the student learn more effectivel y. Role of IEP team members The roles of the team members are all set with the main objective of assisting the child in the learning process. Different team members have different roles. ... Regular education teacher Provides information on the general curriculum standards Determines any program modifications and the necessary support required for school personnel Representative of the school district Provides specially designed instruction in relation to his qualification Has authority to commit resources School district representative Ensures that relevant services will be provided by the district Identifies placement options available in the district Intervention specialists Drafts objectives for the program on the student’s performance Identify any supplementary aids and services which the student may require in the regular classroom. Professional IEP team members Psychologists Physical therapists Occupational therapists Speech therapists A special educator Vision or hearing specialists Additional specialists in relation to the student’s specific needs IEP Development When the team members meet, they discuss the student’s educational needs and fo rmulate specific short term and annual goals for such needs. Areas deserving specialized attention are also outlined. Services are split into two categories; Those to be provided in the school’s schedule, Those to be provided on a consultative basis Professionals consult with the educators to arrive at strategies to help the student but no hands-on instruction is offered. The program should be reviewed annually to update the set objectives and ensure that the site services are being met and in the right standards. Curriculum needs Every student has the ability to learn and should demonstrate progress in their learning. Further from the regular curriculum, students with disabilities have additional needs to compliment the regular curriculum. Differentiated and focused teaching- reasonable adjustments

History 1500 The Wahhabis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

History 1500 The Wahhabis - Essay Example The Wahhabis desire to destroy the tombs and graves of the saints was met by several objections. One objection supported its argument by depicting that construction of the graves served as a place of worship. Since the saints were said to be holy, offering prayers on top of their graves was to provide interception with God (Wahhab 2). However, it is proved beyond exceptional doubt that a curse was to befall whoever made the graves as prostration places. Another issue that Wahhabis tried to oppose was the kissing of the shrines. Opponents argued that it was a form of showing commitment, reverence, and devotion. However, this was unlawful since an individual was not allowed to go closer to a grave and was required to maintain distance with it as a sign of respect. Putting pictures, objects, and building of structures on top of graves was depicted as a sin. Wahhabism emphasized on conformity and inward faith of an individual. Additionally, they strived and still strive to be the embodim ent of God’s

Language Proficiency Assessments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Language Proficiency Assessments - Essay Example Two frameworks influence language proficiency assessment processes including planning curriculum, assessment, and instruction. The main elements of the system include English language proficiency standards, language domains, grade level clusters, and language proficiency level. The Language Proficiency Standards reflects the dimensions of acquiring second language anticipated from English language learners in grade levels K-12. Among the five English Language Proficiency Standards, each standard is set to deal with particular contexts namely social and instructional settings, mathematics, social studies and science (Blagojevich, Ruiz & Dunn, 2004). Each individual proficiency standard includes four-language domains namely listening, reading, speaking, and writing. In listening, people should process, interpret, and evaluate spoken language in various situations. In speaking, students should engage in oral communication while reading ensures processing, interpretation and evaluation of written language (Blagojevich, Ruiz & Dunn, 2004). Finally, writing ensures students engage in written communication in various situations. The third element, The Language Proficiency Levels and Performance Definitions, outlines the progression in language development in the acquisition of English as an additional language through five a five-stage process including entering, beginning, developing, expanding, and bridging (Blagojevich, Ruiz & Dunn, 2004). These processes synthesize model performance indicators in each language proficiency level. Finally, the final elements, Model Performance Indicators are measurable indices of the language domains targeting the age and developmental levels of English Language Learners (Blagojevich, Ruiz & Dunn, 2004). These are examples drawn from experiences in other language proficiency assessments and used to augment other systems to improve language proficiency. According to the checklist, assessment problems may emerge in

Impact of Boxer Rebellion on Chinas World Relations

Impact of Boxer Rebellion on Chinas World Relations What impact did the Boxer Rebellion have  on China’s relations with the rest of the world? The Boxer Rebellion instigated an unprecedented coordinated military response from international powers after The Righteous and Harmonious Fists more commonly known as the Boxers had mutilated and slaughtered thousands of Chinese Christian converts, Western missionaries and foreign nationals.[1] The atrocities occurred between 1898 and 1900 when the Boxers began targeting their perceived enemies in the Shandong region of China before spreading north to Beijing. The Boxers could not differentiate between the Christian missionaries’ desire to proselytise China’s peasants and forced westernisation. This paper contends that the Boxer Rebellion both wounded and opened relations between China and the outside world. Clearly, the discriminate violence of the Boxers shocked and angered the international community.[2] Therefore, far from achieving their objective of purging China from globalisation and the westernisation of Chinese peasants, it caused the world to hone in on Chin a. Inadvertently the Boxer Rebellion opened international relationships with China and the outside world. Countries like the United States refrained from argumentative dialogue and began to have meaningful diplomatic discussions with the Chinese government. Nevertheless, the Boxer Protocol, signed in 1901, seriously affected China’s relationship with the world. The protocol virtually bankrupted China’s economy. The Qing Dynasty was forced to pay three hundred and thirty three million United State dollars indemnity to foreign countries affected by the Boxer’s violence.[3] The Boxer Rebellion like the majority of insurrections has no narrative from the insurgents. The historiographies of rebellions are a combination of texts of victims, politicians, historians and other academics as in the case the Boxer Rebellion. The majority of eyewitness accounts are usually anonymous but reveal the harsh reality of death associated with insurrections. Cohen gives a perfect ex ample of this when he cites an eyewitness account of a Chinese individual who witnessed the scene of death during the Boxer Rebellion in Tianjing in 1900, the eyewitness describes the atrocities of the rebellion, they declare, ‘There are many corpses floating in the river. Some were without heads, others were missing limbs. The bodies of women often had their nipples cut off and their genitalia mutilated†¦ There were also bodies in shallow areas by the banks with flocks of crows pecking away at them. The smell was so bad we had to cover our noses the whole day. Still, no one came out to collect the bodies for burial. People said that they were all Christians who had been killed by the Boxers and the populace dare not get involved.’[4] Boyd contends that ‘most Westerners went to China to make money or to make converts.’[5] Neither reason was popular with the Righteous Harmonious Fists (Boxers). They viewed themselves as representatives of the Chinese peasantry and rigorously opposed all foreigners. Although, by the end of the nineteenth century, China’s population had reached three hundred and fifty million the majority of Chinese peasants had never encountered foreigners or Western missionaries.[6] Nevertheless, the Boxers held a strong belief that foreigners and Christian missionaries were responsible for the breakdown in the fabric of simple Chinese peasant society and they dishonoured their traditional spiritual and community. Furthermore, the Boxers attributed China’s natural disasters such as flood, drought and famine to the corruption of Christianity. Drought followed the great flood of the Yellow River in 1898 and left two million peasants starving and desperate. The Boxers a bott om up organisation without official leadership saw themselves as representatives of the peasantry in the Shandong region of northern China.[7] Likewise, the missionaries imposed power in the villages they occupied and they were involved in legal decision-making. The missionaries infuriated the Boxers even more because they were not just content to proselytise Christianity they also rejected Confucianism.[8] Harrison contends that the Boxers believed Catholic missionaries posed the greatest threat to Chinese morality. She argues that the Boxers targeted villages where the well-established Catholic missionaries had taken on the role of officials. The Boxers believed that because central government had failed to tackle the issue of village politics and moral issues they would take the law into their own hands.[9] However, this argument is neutralised by the excessive violence and murder of Catholics committed by the Boxers in the villages of central Shanxi.[10] The Boxers believed they were impervious to pain; they could withstand attack from both sword, and bullet. Their strange beliefs made them merciless fighters and a therefore a dangerous enemy of foreigners, Chinese Christian converts and missionaries. Even if their beliefs were well founded and justifiable, their methods of resolving their perceived problems were inexcusable and crude.[11] The Boxers fervent mystical beliefs are not a new phenomenon because allegedly, in preceding years Chinese peasants had experienced similar supernatural powers following natural disasters. Male peasants believed that they acquired special ‘religious’ spiritual powers to overcome the disasters.[12] However, the Boxers method of dealing with the threat was incomprehensible. Fleming’s contentious claim that at the beginning of the Boxer regime, ninety percent of the Boxers were just peasants in ‘fancy dress’ is debateable. However, he declares that as time went by thei r ‘sartorial costume’ of red and yellow turbans and sashes became less important and the majority of Boxers held strong political ideologies.[13] Following the suppression of the Boxer’s by the international counterinsurgency force,[14] each nation affected by Boxer violence sought retribution. However, some nations were less harsh than others were. For example, the United States highlighted this in their response. Secretary of State John Hay fearing China’s partition by European nations following the Boxer Rebellion issued a memorandum in July 1900 to those countries affected by the rebellion. Hay suggested that they should continue to support China’s ‘administrative and territorial integrity.’[15] In reality the United States were protecting their own trading interests in China. Furthermore, the United States practised a strict anti-imperialistic foreign policy.[16] However, the United States outward support of the Qing Dynasty was a contradiction of their policies towards Chinese immigrants. Ironically, the Chinese Exclusion Act 1882 and the Geary Act 1892 effectively prevented Chinese peop le from entering America.[17] After the suppression on the Boxer Rebellion, China supported American military presence in Beijing to repel any further rebellions following the defeat of the Boxers. The United States politely refused and withdrew from China in October 1900. The commander of the American counterinsurgency force stated, ‘Let us hope that this generous, charitable, and magnanimous treatment of the vanquished may prove an example to the nations of the world, and a step forward in the world’s progress toward a higher and nobler humanity. We are glad to know that this work is appreciated to you. It is needless to tell you, however, that the United States does not maintain an army for the purpose of furnishing the city of Peking with good municipal government, and as a business proposition your appeal for the United States forces to remain longer in Peking has little to stand upon.[18] Britain was slow to respond to the Boxer Rebellion.[19] However, retrospectively the Boxer Rebellion caused Britain to adopt a more vigorous foreign policy. Indeed, because of the inadequacies of the Prime Minister and Foreign Secretary Lord Salisbury in dealing with the Boxer Rebellion, the Conservative government made significant changes to the Diplomatic Service.[20] Sir Claude MacDonald the British minister in Beijing despite being fully aware of the Boxers violence against foreigners, Christian converts and missionaries in northern China refused to contemplate that the Boxer would spread across China.[21] Indeed, Otte contends that Britain’s blasà © attitude to the Boxer violence only changed after the siege of Beijing legation district that began on June 14th 1900. For fifty-five days, the Boxers laid siege to the square mile legation district in Beijing.[22] When the multilateral counterinsurgency force finally arrived in Beijing in August 1900, they displayed to the world for the first time that a sense of unity was possible. The multilateral force consisted of all the nations who had personnel in the legation. The force consisted of approximately twenty thousand troops. The Japanese were the dominant force with ten thousand troops. Japan demonstrated to China and the world that the importance of China was truly international and not just Eurocentric.[23] Furthermore, the multilateral force with the aim of rescuing the personnel and their families from the Beijing Legation district were given different instructions from their governments. German emperor Kaiser Wilhelm II commanded his troops to show no mercy to the Boxers after they had murdered the German Minister in Beijing Baron von Ketteler. The Kaiser declared to his troops before they left Bremerhaven, ‘Just as the Huns a thousand years ago, under the leadership of Attila, gained a reputation by virtue of which they still live in historical tradition, so may the name of Germany become known in such a manner in China, that no Chinese will ever again to look askance at a German.’ [24] Clearly, the Boxer Rebellion affected relations with Germany and this was borne out by the first point in the Boxer Protocol, it declared, ‘†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.Prince of the First Rank, Chun, was appointed Ambassador of His Majesty the Emperor of China, and directed in that capacity to convey to His Majesty the German Emperor the expression of the regrets of His Majesty the Emperor of China and of the Chinese Government at the assassination of his Excellency the late Baron von Ketteler, German Minister†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. The Chinese Government has stated that it will erect on the spot of the assassination of his Excellency the late Baron von Ketteler, commemorative monument worthy of the rank of the deceased, and bearing an inscription in the Latin, German, and Chinese languages which shall express the regrets of His Majesty the Emperor of China for the murder committed†¦[25] The first article of the Boxer Protocol clearly highlights China’s humiliation. Germany like other governments wanted to punish and embarrass China after the Boxer Rebellion. The proceeding articles in the protocol all required apologies, monument erections, the destruction of Chinese arms and fortresses, and the forfeiture of land to foreign powers.[26] However, as previously mentioned, the most damaging article in the protocol was the three hundred and thirty three million dollar indemnity with four percent interest. Undoubtedly, the multilateral troops took revenge on the Boxers and their supporters, Boyd contends that rumours of looting, rape, and torture committed by multilateral troops spread throughout Beijing. [27] Schoppa argues that the Boxer Protocol is the lowest point in Chinese international relations and their ultimate humiliation. The protocol signed on the 7th September 1901 between China and the Powers of Germany, Austria-Hungary, Belgium, Spain, United State s, France, Great Britain, Italy, Japan, Netherlands, and Russia was yet another unequal treaty that humiliated the Chinese government. The terms of the protocol not only restricted China’s domestic privileges, they increased foreign interests in China. Therefore, the fifty years of humiliation that began with China’s defeat in the Opium Wars extended into a new millennium. Therefore, the Boxer Protocol crippled Chinese spirit, economy and international prestige.[28] Although, the Boxer Rebellion and the consequent protocol severely damaged China domestically and their international reputation it instigated the dismantlement of their biggest burden, the corrupt Qing Dynasty. The Empress Dowager Cixi deceived the international community by pretending that her troops were suppressing the Boxers. However, the reality was that she despised foreign intervention as much as the Boxers did. She cleverly encouraged the Boxers to turn the Chinese peasantry and country against the foreigners. The Boxers declared ‘Support the Qing, destroy the Foreigners.’ Foreigners included missionaries and Chinese Christian converts. As Esherick contends, the Boxer Rebellion was not a true rebellion, as they did not oppose the Chinese Qing government.[29] The rebellion failed to resemble the excepted definition as ‘an organized armed resistance to an established ruler or government.’[30] Once the Qing dynasty realised that counterinsurgency would overthrow the Boxers they soon renounced their involvement so they could continue in the eyes of the West as a legitimate government.[31] However, inevitably the Boxer Rebellion demonstrates that China’s international relations were damaged by the more primitive actions the Boxers and the more sophisticated and sinister intervention of the Qing Dynasty.[32] In conclusion, the Boxer Rebellion clearly left an indelible mark on China both domestically and internationally. The ruthless action of the Boxers against foreigners, Chinese Christian converts, and missionaries was viewed by the outside world as unjustified and inexcusable. The Boxers clearly believed that they were acting in the best interests of peasants who made up the majority of the Chinese population. Their violent activities led to the Boxer Protocol in 1901 that almost bankrupted China through the huge financial reparations. The further articles of the protocol heaped further humiliation on China and allowed international powers access to prominent trading areas. However, arguably inadvertently the Boxer Rebellion prevented China from being colonised by major international powers. The Boxer Rebellion undoubtedly stirred the United States to intervene in order to save their trading rights in China. They sent a clear message to Britain, Germany, France, Italy, Japan, and Russ ia to support China’s administrative and territorial integrity. Furthermore, the Boxer Rebellion was the catalyst for disintegration of the dishonest Qing Dynasty. Although, the Qing Dynasty under Empress Dowager Cixi supported the Boxers it was not to protect the interests of China’s peasantry. Even though the Boxer Rebellion eventually instigated improved foreign diplomacy, it is indisputable that their actions not only led to the massacres of foreigners, Chinese Christians and missionaries it led to thousands of deaths of their own people. The international counterinsurgency forces showed no mercy when they exacted retribution on the Boxers and their sympathisers. The ease in which the Boxers and Imperial guard were defeated by the multilateral counterinsurgency forces compelled the Chinese government to modernise their military. The Boxer Rebellion reiterated the Eurocentric ideology that the Chinese are uncivilised. Furthermore, the rebellion alienated the western community from China even though it inadvertently improved international diplomacy and rid China of the corrupt Qing Dynasty that ultimately led to China becoming a republic in 1912. The ease in which the Boxers and Imperial guard were defeated by the multilateral counterinsurgency forces compelled the Chinese government to modernise their military. Bibliography Books Boyd, J., A Dance with Dragon. The Vanished of Peking’s Foreign Policy (London: I. B. Tauris Co. Ltd, 2012). Cashman, D., America in the Age of the Titans: The Progressive Era and World War I (New York: New York University Press, 1998). Cohen, Paul, in ‘Humanising the Boxers’, in Bickers, R. Tiedemann, R. (eds), The Boxers, China, and the World (Plymouth: Rowman Littlefield Publishers Ltd, 2007), pp. 179-197. Cullinane, M., Liberty and American Anti-Imperialism: 1898-1909 (New York: Palgrave MacMillian, 2012). Durschmeid, E,. Beware the Dragon, China: 1,000 Years of Bloodshed (London: Carlton Publishing Group, 2008). Esherick, J., The Origins of the Boxer Uprising (Oakland: University of California Press). Fleming, P., The Siege at Peking (Edinburgh: Birlinn Ltd, 2001). Harrison, Henrietta, in ‘Humanising the Boxers’, in Bickers, R. Tiedemann, R. (eds), The Boxers, China, and the World (Plymouth: Rowman Littlefield Publishers Ltd, 2007), pp. 1-15. Otte, Thomas, ‘Heaven knows where we shall finally drift’: Lord Salisbury, the Cabinet, Isolation, and the Boxer Rebellion’ in Kennedy, G. Neilson, K. (eds), Incidents and International Relations: People, Power, and Personalities (Connecticut: Praeger Publishers, 2002). Schoppa, K., The Columbia Guide to Modern Chinese History (New York: Columbia University Press, 2000). Seonnichsen, J., The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 (Santa Barbara: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2011). Spence, J., The Searching of Modern China (London: Century Hutchinson Ltd, 1990). Steiner, Z., The Foreign Office and Foreign Policy, 1898-1914 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970). Journals Oulett, ‘Multinational counterinsurgency: the Western intervention in the Boxer Rebellion 1900-1901’ Small Wars Insurgencies. 20: 3.4 (2009): pp. 507-527. Radio broadcast Bragg, M., ‘The Boxer Rebellion’ In our Time. BBC radio 4 archive broadcast (21.30, 9 March 2009) Internet source ‘Rebellion.’ Oxford English Dictionary (03 April 2014). Available online: http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/159201?isAdvanced=falseresult=1rskey=nNKkrE Date accessed: 02 April 2014. ‘Boxer Protocol, 1901, Peace Agreement between the Great Powers and China 09/07/190’ (03 April 2014) Available online: http://china.usc.edu/(S(ivfmlzuvquerbb45edthpbze)A(irVj2QZVywEkAAAAYWQzZmNiZGMtZTBhNC00MDc1LTg5ZTItOGQ4OGU4MGI0NTk3Uo36FF2grKtLe_4GD64z6sKQqsw1))/ShowArticle.aspx?articleID=420 Date accessed: 03 April 2014 1 [1] Oulett, ‘Multinational counterinsurgency: the Western intervention in the Boxer Rebellion 1900-1901’ Small Wars Insurgencies. 20: 3.4 (2009): p. 511. [2] Durschmeid, E,. Beware the Dragon, China: 1,000 Years of Bloodshed (London: Carlton Publishing Group, 2008)p. 172. [3] Spence, J., The Searching of Modern China (London: Century Hutchinson Ltd, 1990), p. 235. [4] cited by Cohen, Paul, in ‘Humanising the Boxers’, in Bickers, R. Tiedemann, R. (eds), The Boxers, China, and the World (Plymouth: Rowman Littlefield Publishers Ltd, 2007), p. 186 [5] Boyd, J., A Dance with Dragon. The Vanished of Peking’s Foreign Policy (London: I. B. Tauris Co. Ltd, 2012), p. xvi. [6] Fleming, P., The Siege at Peking (Edinburgh: Birlinn Ltd, 2001), p. 36. [7] Bragg, M., ‘The Boxer Rebellion’ In our Time. BBC radio 4 archive broadcast (21.30, 9 March 2009) [8] Ibid. [9] Harrison, Henrietta, in ‘Humanising the Boxers’, in Bickers, R. Tiedemann, R. (eds), The Boxers, China, and the World (Plymouth: Rowman Littlefield Publishers Ltd, 2007), p. 12 [10] Harrison, Henrietta, in ‘Humanising the Boxers’, p. 7 [11] Oulett, ‘Multinational counterinsurgency: the Western intervention in the Boxer Rebellion 1900-1901’, p. 508. [12] Bragg, M., ‘The Boxer Rebellion’ In our Time [13] Fleming, The Siege at Peking, p.36. [14] Oulett, ‘Multinational counterinsurgency: the Western intervention in the Boxer Rebellion 1900-1901’, p. 508. [15] Cashman, D., America in the Age of the Titans: The Progressive Era and World War I (New York: New York University Press, 1998), p.436. [16] Cullinane, M., Liberty and American Anti-Imperialism: 1898-1909 (New York: Palgrave MacMillian, 2012), p. 4. [17] Seonnichsen, J., The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 (Santa Barbara: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2011), p. xiv. [18] cited in Oulett, ‘Multinational counterinsurgency: the Western intervention in the Boxer Rebellion 1900-1901’. p. 518. [19] Otte, Thomas, ‘Heaven knows where we shall finally drift’: Lord Salisbury, the Cabinet, Isolation, and the Boxer Rebellion’ in Kennedy, G. Neilson, K. (eds), Incidents and International Relations: People, Power, and Personalities (Connecticut: Praeger Publishers, 2002), p. 30. [20] Steiner, Z., The Foreign Office and Foreign Policy, 1898-1914 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970), p. 180. [21] Otte, Thomas. ‘Heaven knows where we shall finally drift’: Lord Salisbury, the Cabinet, Isolation, and the Boxer Rebellion’, p. 26 [22] Otte, Thomas. ‘‘Heaven knows where we shall finally drift’: Lord Salisbury, the Cabinet, Isolation, and the Boxer Rebellion’, p. 29 [23] Bragg, M., ‘The Boxer Rebellion’ In our Time [24] Fleming, The Siege at Peking, pp. 135-136 [25] ‘Boxer Protocol, 1901, Peace Agreement between the Great Powers and China’ (09/07/1901). Available online: http://china.usc.edu/(S(ivfmlzuvquerbb45edthpbze)A(irVj2QZVywEkAAAAYWQzZmNiZGMtZTBhNC00MDc1LTg5ZTItOGQ4OGU4MGI0NTk3Uo36FF2grKtLe_4GD64z6sKQqsw1))/ShowArticle.aspx?articleID=420 Date accessed: 03 April 2014 [26] Fleming, The Siege at Peking, pp. 250-251 [27] Boyd, J., A Dance with Dragon. The Vanished of Peking’s Foreign Policy, p. 22. [28] Schoppa, K., The Columbia Guide to Modern Chinese History (New York: Columbia University Press, 2000), p. 171. [29] Esherick, J., The Origins of the Boxer Uprising (Oakland: University of California Press), p. xiv. [30] ‘Rebellion.’ Oxford English Dictionary. 2014, Available online: http://www.oed.com/view/Entry/159201?isAdvanced=falseresult=1rskey=nNKkrE Date accessed: 02 April 2014. [31] Ibid. [32] Esherick, The Origins of the Boxer Uprising, p. 312

Tempting Fate: Essay on The Monkeys Paw -- essays research papers

-Ildar- Tempting Fate The â€Å"Monkey’s Paw† reveals an intriguing story of destiny and death. The Theme challenges the classical ideas of destiny and fate. From the beginning of the story Mr. White denies the seriousness of the paw. When he says, â€Å"Well, why don’t you have three sir†, he is in a way mocking Morris and the criticalness of the paw. The effects of disturbing fate do not even occur to him at this point and his intrigue and human greed override his judgment. â€Å"If you don’t want it, Morris, give it to me†, Mr. White had said after Morris threw the paw in the fire. This is where Mr. White made his first mistake. Mrs. White on the other hand manages to keep a cool head in the beginning and is apprehensive of the paw. She originally senses the danger that the paw poses but doesn’t make much of it and actually encourages Mr. White to use the paw. Mr. White’s first wish was a simple one as he thought. â€Å"I wish for two hundred pounds,† he had uttered so easily thinking that this was as straightforward of a wish as there could be. Little did he know that tempting fate in such a way had serious consequences. At this point in the story the writer foreshadows the grim events that follow when Herbert says, â€Å"Well, I don’t see the money, and I bet I never shall†. Ironically Herbert is correct. The twist of the story revealed itself when Mrs. White opened the door to receive her money. The visitor from Maw and Meggins delivered the bad new of their sons untimely death, â€Å"He was ca...

Traffic Information Surveys

Chapter – 4PRELIMINARY SURVEYS AND DATA COLLECTIONIn the chapter 3, we have discussed about the aim and methodological analysis adopted for the work. In this chapter, traffic studies which are to be conducted and the demand of the studies for explicating the indexes of the mobility are briefly explained. The chapter is organized into two parts which consists of, Preliminary studies are conducted for the informations aggregation and the 2nd portion consists of secondary informations aggregation, which is obtained from assorted beginnings.4.1. Traffic SurveiesThe undermentioned preliminary studies were conducted for developing index.Traffic volume count studySpeed and hold surveiesRoad stock list studyOpinion study4.1.1. Traffic volume count studyTraffic volume count studies are conducted to acquire the accurate values and information about the sum of vehicles go throughing through the study country. Need of traffic volume count study: Traffic volume count studies are used to: [ 6 ]Traffic tendencies can be established by mensurating the traffic volume.To find the one-year travel clip in vehicle kilometres for the bing system and based on it economic justification can be provided for new proposals.Highway user costs, grosss can be estimated.In the present survey, classified volume count studies were conducted at the beginning and the finish of the identified stretch Need for Classified volume count study: [ 6 ]Components of Geometric design of main roads such as breadth of lanes, design of inclines, clearances for overhead constructions ; classs etc. are dependent on the categorization of the vehicles and its volume on the route.Pavement deign, design of Bridgess and design of other substructure installations on the route requires informations about classified volume count.Volume to the capacity, normally termed as V/C ratio can be determined merely on the footing of classified volume count.Classified volume count at peak hours throws visible radiation on the lacks of the systemsTo supply justification for the regulative steps such as, one-way streets, routing of traffic, parking installations.Traffic volume informations is really much of import in traffic, deign, planning, operation and research intents. Traffic volume Count Survey is conducted at identified midblock for 8 hours of the twenty-four hours covering both forenoon and eventide extre mum and off-peak hours. Behavior of the study: Manual traffic counts were conducted at the identified midblock of beginning ( Sunkadakatte ) and finish ( K.R.Puram ) of the stretch selected for 8 hours of the twenty-four hours. At each midblock, both directional classified traffic volume count study were conducted for the computation of public presentation indexs. Analysis of the informations: The traffic volume count informations collected from the field is scrutinized and the values are analyzed, where the information is analyzed. The entire volume is converted to Passenger auto units ( PCU ) as per IRC: 106-1990 to find the volume of the route to its capacity given in the codification.Vehicle TypeEquivalent PCU factors- Percentage composing of vehicles type in traffic watercourseFast Vehicles5 %10 % and above1. Two Wheeler motor rhythm / scooter0.50.752. Passenger auto, choice – up new wave1.01.03. Auto-rickshaw1.22.04. Light commercial vehicle1.42.05. Truck or Bus2.23.76. Agricultural Tractor Trailer4.05.0Slow vehicles7. Cycle0.40.58.Cycle jinrikisha1.52.09. Tonga ( Horse drawn vehicles )1.52.010. Hand cart2.03.0Table 4.1: PCU factors for assorted types of vehicles [ 7 ] ( Beginning: Table 1: Recommended PCU factors for assorted types of vehicles on urban roads. IRC: 106-1990 [ 7 ] ) End product of the survey: The obtained PCU/HR for both Peak and off–Peak hours are analyzed and the Volume/Capacity is calculated for the finding of the public presentation index.4.1.2. Speed and hold surveiesTravel velocity is reciprocally relative to go clip. The travel clip survey provides informations for the sum of clip required to track a specified subdivision of route web. These types of informations provide information about velocity, hold informations. Travel clip and hold features are good indexs of the degree of service that is provided and can be used to mensurate the efficiency of the traffic flow. The velocity and hold surveies yields the informations about mean journey clip, mean journey velocity, norm stopped hold, mean running clip, entire stopped hold and mean running velocity along the stretch studied. Need of Speed and hold surveies:Speed and hold surveies can supply information on the sum, location, nature of hold and cause for the hold. Congestion can be evaluated and can be rectified by traffic and other ordinances.Congestion index, Travel clip index are all dependant on the travel clip, which is obtained by the velocity and hold surveies.Behavior of the study: Out of the assorted available methods for transporting out velocity and hold surveies, drifting auto method / Test-Car technique method is used for the current undertaking. Two trial tallies are conducted to find velocity and hold for both peak and off-peak hr of the twenty-four hours. Analysis of the informations: The volume count informations collected from the field is scrutinized and the information is analyzed. The mean journey clip( in proceedingss ) for all the vehicles in the watercourse along the way of flow Q is given by equation 4.1 and 4.2 [ 5 ] = Ttungsten– ( nY/q ) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦4.1 Q = ( na+nY) / ( Ta+ Ttungsten) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦..†¦4.2 Where, Q = flow of vehicles along one way of the watercourse. Na= mean figure of vehicles counted in the way of the watercourse when the trial vehicle travels in the opposite way. NY= mean figure of vehicles catching the trial vehicle minus the figure of vehicles overtaken when the trial vehicle is in the way of Q. Ta= mean journey clip, in minute when the trial vehicle is running against the watercourse Q. Ttungsten= mean journey clip, in minute when the trial vehicle is running with the watercourse Q. ( Mention: Highway Engineering, S.K.Khanna and C.E.G.Justo ) [ 5 ] End product of the survey Delaies along the stretch are obtained and the type and ground for the holds are besides obtained.4.1.3. Road Inventory SurveyRoad stock list study is conducted to update the database of the bing route web. Behavior of the study: For the selected stretch, ocular stock list was conducted and the undermentioned stock lists of the installation have been done.Identified subdivision length.Effective route breadth.Presence of median.Quality of siting surfacePresence of intersection installations.Handiness of foot way installations.Parking installations.Identified subdivision lengthTwo test tallies were conducted from Sunkadakatte to K.R.Puram and back, to find the effectual subdivision length between the beginning and finish and it is has been found out to be 26kms.Effective route breadth.Road breadth available for the vehicular motion is calculated for every 250m utilizing tape and is represented as below in the graph. It is classified as route width holding breadth & A ; gt ; 7.5m, breadth & A ; lt ; 7.5m, Width & A ; gt ; 10.5m. Graph indicates that 41 % of the route in the identified stretch has effectual route breadth & A ; gt ; 7.5m, 25 % has less than 7.5m, and 34 % has greater than 10.5m. Figure 4.1: Road width ClassificationPresence of median.Majority of the route which comes under identified subdivision has median, approximately 86 % of the stretch has average and it is absent or removed for approximately 14 % of the subdivision, due to the building of subway and other infrastructural activity. Figure 4.2: Median HandinessQuality of siting surfaceQuality of siting surface is evaluated by Pavement rating [ 8 ] by ocular observations. Following process is followed to measure the quality of siting surface. 5 Pavement like new 4 Many old ages of service life 3 Near to or necessitating Rehabilitation 2 Should hold been rehabilitated in the last twosome of old ages 1 Should hold been rehabilitated many old ages 0 ago Figure 4.3: Quality of siting surface Based on the above process siting quality is evaluated and is found out to be 3.71 for the full stretch.Presence of intersection installations.For the stretch of 26kms there are about 39 signalized intersections.Handiness of foot way installationsRoad stock list surveies are conducted to mensurate the handiness of footpath length and this has installation has been described briefly under Walkability index in chapter 4Parking installationsParking length on the on-street has been carried out to find the On-street parking index. This installation has been described briefly under On-street parking index in chapter 4.4.2. Secondary Data CollectionThe secondary informations required for the survey is collected from the assorted beginnings and informations collected from assorted authorities sections are as follows:Bangalore City Traffic Police.Accident statistics informations is obtained from Bangalore City Traffic Police.Regional Transport Office, Bangalore. ( RTO )Datas about Vehicles en rollment and the growing of vehicles for the decennaries is obtained from RTO, Bangalore.Bangalore Metropolitan Transport Corporation ( BMTC )Datas abut coach fleet size, figure of agendas, figure of riders carried per twenty-four hours is obtained from BMTC, Bangalore.

The Yellow Wallpaper Example

The Yellow Wallpaper Example The Yellow Wallpaper – Book Report/Review Example The Yellow Wallpaper The Yellow Wallpaper The book â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper† is a hyperbolic account of private life experiences of Charlotte Perkins Gilman. Shortly after giving birth to her daughter in 1887, depression and fatigue riddled Gilman’s life. Gilman was referred to a 19th century women’s disorder specialist, Silas Weir Witchel, who diagnosed her with neurasthenia thereby prescribing â€Å"rest cure† for her. The nervous disease, for which the narrator was a prey, was common among women in the nineteenth century.The narrator and her husband, John, rent a wonderful house to spend their summer. Unfortunately, the narrator is quite uncomfortable with the room. The narrator hallucinates that there is a woman trapped in the wallpaper in the room and tears down the wallpaper in a bid to free the woman. After reaping the wallpaper apart, the narrator feels liberated. The wallpaper thus symbolizes imprisonment of the female gender within domestic orb . By tearing the wallpaper, the narrator reclaims her identity and feels liberated.Several themes emerge from the narrator’s story. The major themes in the book are the domestic sphere as women’s prison, the role of women in the society during the nineteenth century, the rest therapy, creativity against rationality, and the sun versus the moonlight, which denotes John’s tight work schedule.There are numerous terminologies used such as arabesque, which means an intricate motif or spiraling line, arbor, meaning a latticework haven tangled using vines and leaves, and Chintz, meaning a cotton fabric that is printed among many others. Some important questions to ask are: how does the narrator relate with the wallpaper in the story? What is gender role in the 19th century? The story portrays female gender role as domestic. They were expected to take care of the homes and family while males are the breadwinners of their family and seek work to sustain their families. A doctor’s capability of knowing what one was suffering from heavily depended on his observation of change in behavior of the victim.

Pick the Most Wanted Career in Computer Science Today

Pick the Most Wanted Career in Computer Science Today If you dream of a wealthy future, you should consider computer engineering careers. Focus on studying Computer Science at the high school and Information Technology in college. These two disciplines will become your core subjects for the next 5 years. We recommend gaining both Bachelor and Master’ s degrees. In IT sphere, a lot depends on your computer skills. First of all, the more programming languages or programs you are aware of, the higher your wages are. The best thing about connecting your life with computer is that most of the IT professionals can work from home. Distant work (a.k.a. freelance) is an extremely comfortable option for families with children or those who live in small towns without being able to attend corporations located in big cities. Besides, the career opportunities in this field always expand due to the appearance of new technologies and development of old features. People who are experts in the area of IT won’t ever stay unemployed. This field of work offers jobs in the following categories: Development Programming Design Writing Administration Marketing Management Finances Healthcare Nursing As you can see, a degree in Business Administration will also be useful for your further career in computer science. You may get application letter and resume for your successful career in computer science or business from writing experts at any time of day or night. On the whole, computer science spans the range from theory through systems administration to cutting-edge technology and innovations in various fields; from business to biology; from psychology to media. Students who are full of new ideas are welcome to join the sphere. The career in this field of science implies solutions to such problems as: Software design and development Effective approaches to solving problems with technical equipment in both technical and creative sense Information storage, data management, networks, and communications control Offering better ways of using computers and other digital devices Correspondingly, you can choose one of the five existing paths in this area. Career path 1. Design and implement applications for computers and mobile phones. Career path 2. Create new methods to use computers and other digital devices. Career path 3. Solve computer problems efficiently. Career path 4. Solve problems of any other industry. Career path 5. Plan and monitor organizational technology infrastructure. Top Paid Careers in Computer Science Here are some of the most promising career in computer science: Market Research Analyst Marketing is a delicate science which involves promotion, distribution, and sales as the efficient outcome of the first two elements. To make these fields interact more effectively and bring the desired income, many companies hire so-called marketing specialists or market research analysts. While working in a team, these two positions may produce efficient approaches to advising corporations on marketing, promotion, and even complex business plans. To do so, an employee has to be able to analyze specific data, review related information, conduct in-depth research on trends, and observe competitor’s strategies and tactics. The main goal is to achieve company’s growth in the shortest period. These experts should also gather the opinions of customers, partners, suppliers, and distributors to get the overall picture. A computer science degree is common in this data-focused field. We would recommend receiving Master’s diploma for such a pretigious position. Wages: $33,500 – $114,000 Operations Research Analyst This position has something in common with the previous career choice. It’s all about dealing with company’s operational data and information to assist top management in solving various issues associated with local technology and workflow. The following disciplines are involved in the process: finance accounting political science manufacturing logistics Thus, different industry specialists are needed to help. You have to be well aware of statistical software programs and data modeling packages. Study statistics well in college if you wish to succeed! Master’s degree in computer science if usually required. Wages: $42,000 - $130,000 Systems Software Developer When we speak about systems as a career in computer science, we don’t necessarily mean working with systems administration. It can also be associated with the software and app development. Besides, experts are demanded in both computer and mobile fields. There is a variety of jobs associated with design and development. If you are great at engineering and programming, apply for the systems software designer in a large corporation. It would be a good start of your IT career. Be ready to produce operating systems to be used in everything: from smartphones to automobiles. You will create system interface as well. Security is another issue to take care of. Master’s in computer science is preferred. Wages: $63,000 - $151,000 Web/App Developer Web and application developers create extremely important and highly demanded careers today as more than 1,800 millions of global mobile users download and launch various apps regularly. These and other related statistics may be discovered here. The level of web development significance can be explored at this website. The main goals of such experts in computer science are: To build internet websites for e-commerce purposes To process enterprise operations Control non-profit groups Cooperate with social media Build stronger relations with business partners and customers Web developers have to be experts in the field of computers and engineering. They have to know several programming languages perfectly: HTML, XML, JavaScript and Cascading Style Sheets. After each site is carried out, the professional has to check its site architecture, usability, and performance. Wages: $33,000 - $110,000 Geoscientist Let’s step back a bit from computer science, and talk about other meaningful areas of science such as geosciences, for instance. As far as this science deals with studying our planet, Geography or Geophysics would be a nice addition to your degree in computer science. These professionals have to work with the advanced technology and complex systems to complete computer modeling and come up with real-life prototypes. It’s their mission to study Earth along with its threats and opportunities. Data analysis and digital mapping are two other responsibilities of geoscientists. They should use such resources as software packages to conduct in-depth research on different problems associated with our planet. Except for computer intelligence, the knowledge of geology is a must. Be prepared to join such industries as national government or oil and gas extraction. Authorities will need your services, research, and application for their own purposes. Wages: $49,000 - $187,000 Each of these careers requires a solid background in many sciences except for the computer science. These jobs are high responsible, but they are highly paid as well. If you wish to gain financial freedom, there is no better choice today than working in one of these industries. In case you are still obtaining your degree in computer science, you may need to order projects and research papers online from time to time. We recommend using only the time-tested, superior services.

Argument Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Argument Analysis - Essay Example This article primarily discusses how Facebook has become addictive despite its various flaws most noticeably those pertaining to privacy and loss of valuable human interaction. This idea, however, has not been explicitly stated and unfolds until one finishes reading the argument. Although the thesis has been implicitly stated in the argument, it is easily understood and apparent through the language used by the author. This article is mainly targeted at the youth, primarily 15-30 year olds who either use Facebook regularly or disprove of its use. The author tries to engage this audience by using analogies which relate Facebook to a country and its users as nationals, he aptly describes the thesis through the phrase â€Å"you’ll never make it past the border† (Petri) which means Facebook is addictive. Furthermore, the use of statistics is also prevalent although to a lesser extent. More statistics could have been used such as an appropriate number of people who quit Facebook per year or the number of users who intend to quit Facebook but do not. These could have strengthened the author’s argument greatly. Furthermore, the sources of the statistics used in this article have not been disclosed which questions the authenticity of these statistics. On the brighter side, however, examples and analogies were primarily used to convey the argument which did prove effective. While the use of analogies has proved to be convey a convincing argument, several assumptions have been made by the author are too simplistic and have been generalized. For instance, the author assumes that we spend ‘all’ our time on Facebook which disregards many users who do not use Facebook at all or who use it sparingly. This has somewhat weakened the argument since only one type of users have been considered which is ‘heavy users’ of Facebook. Describing

Deterrence and containment during Cold War Essay

Deterrence and containment during Cold War - Essay Example It should be noted that in the beginning of the 15th century, there were limited number of pigments that were allowing the painters to capture the inner beliefs as stated in the religious guidance. Therefore that was an avid need of pigments that can create fixtures of paintings as well as the texture surface. This need was felt by Tibetans as well as Kashmiri. However, the fact remains that these painters were not able to understand as to what changes were important to be added initially. In order to fully practice Menri style (with sharp streaks of textures, and swirl form of drawing paint) Tibetans developed new philosophy and image building for deities as explained by Indian Pundits3. Exemplary Thangka Paintings: The most profound innovation or development within the Thangka painting was noted during the era of 1500s. Choying Gysto is said to be the master of pigments that redefined the religious figures in a completely new manner. It was much needed because a lot of contribution was not able to make a specific change in the style of painting4. Figure 2 Menri style painting (Gerd-Wolfgang 1989) The core style, which is evident from the painting of Gysto is Menri. Other famous names of the era include Namka Tashi who actually able to bring a new thought in the painting of Thangka. However, he was very strict in the context of making fixed proportions. It has often been said that Namka was able to bring innovation in the style of painting because he actually saw the revelation of Dorjey’s (Chinese emperor) in the full moon. That is why he drew him with strong faith. Specifically, the three obvious styles which can be noted in the painting of Namka were Karma Gadri, Chinese... The most profound innovation or development within the Thangka painting was noted during the era of 1500s. Choying Gysto is said to be the master of pigments that redefined the religious figures in a completely new manner. It was much needed because a lot of contribution was not able to make a specific change in the style of painting . The core style, which is evident from the painting of Gysto is Menri. Other famous names of the era include Namka Tashi who actually able to bring a new thought in the painting of Thangka. However, he was very strict in the context of making fixed proportions. It has often been said that Namka was able to bring innovation in the style of painting because he actually saw the revelation of Dorjey’s (Chinese emperor) in the full moon. That is why he drew him with strong faith. Specifically, the three obvious styles which can be noted in the painting of Namka were Karma Gadri, Chinese form with rich texture and Indian form of strokes. It will not be incorrect to state that he made use of Mensar style in his paintings as well . Following painting can help us understanding the style of Namka.